Research Archive

For more information regarding these reports or to request a copy, please email LSACResearchReport@LSAC.org.

LSAT Technical Report Archives

LSAT Performance with Regional, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Breakdowns

LSAT Performance with Regional, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Breakdowns (TR 98-04)
by Deborah L. Schnipke, Lisa Anthony Stilwell, and Lynda M. Reese

LSAT Performance With Regional, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Breakdowns: 1993–1994 through 1999–2000 Testing Years (TR 00-01)
by Susan P. Dalessandro, Lisa Anthony Stilwell, and Lynda M. Reese

LSAT Performance with Regional, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Breakdowns: 1995–1996 Through 2001–2002 Testing Years (TR 02-01)
by Susan P. Dalessandro, Lisa Anthony Stilwell, and Lynda M. Reese

LSAT Performance with Regional, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Breakdowns: 1997–1998 Through 2003–2004 Testing Years (TR 04-01)
by Susan P. Dalessandro, Lisa A. Stilwell, and Lynda M. Reese

LSAT Performance with Regional, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Breakdowns: 1999–2000 Through 2005–2006 Testing Years (TR 06-03)
by Susan P. Dalessandro, Laura A. Marcus, and Lynda M. Reese

LSAT Performance with Regional, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Breakdowns: 2001–2002 through 2007–2008 Testing Years (TR 08-03)
by Susan P. Dalessandro, Deborah A. Suto, and Lynda M. Reese

LSAT Performance with Regional, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Breakdowns: 2003–2004 through 2009–2010 Testing Years (TR 10-03)
by Susan P. Dalessandro, Lisa A. Stilwell, Jennifer A. Lawlor, and Lynda M. Reese

LSAT Performance With Regional, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Breakdowns: 2005–2006 Through 2011–2012 Testing Years (TR 12-03)
by Susan P. Dalessandro, Lisa C. Anthony, and Lynda M. Reese

National Summaries of Correlation Studies

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 1995–1996 Correlation Studies
(TR 97-01)

by Lisa C. Anthony, Vincent F. Harris, and Peter J. Pashley

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 1997–1998 Correlation Studies
(TR 99-01)

by Lisa C. Anthony, Jennifer R. Duffy, and Lynda M. Reese

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 1999–2000 Correlation Studies
(TR 01-02)

by Andrea E. Thornton, Deborah A. Suto, Lisa C. Anthony, and Mei Liu

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 2001–2002 Correlation Studies
(TR 03-01)

by Lisa Anthony Stilwell, Susan P. Dalessandro, and Lynda M. Reese

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 2003–2004 Correlation Studies
(TR 05-02)

by Susan Diamond-Dalessandro, Lisa Anthony Stilwell, and Lynda M. Reese

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 2005–2006 Correlation Studies
(TR 07-02)

by Lisa Anthony Stilwell, Susan P. Dalessandro, and Lynda M. Reese

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 2007 and 2008 Correlation Studies
(TR 09-03)

by Lisa Anthony Stilwell, Susan P. Dalessandro, and Lynda M. Reese

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 2009 and 2010 Correlation Studies
(TR 11-02)

by Lisa Anthony Stilwell, Susan P. Dalessandro, and Lynda M. Reese

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 2011 and 2012 Correlation Studies
(TR 13-03)

by Lisa C. Anthony, Susan P. Dalessandro, and Lynda M. Reese

Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation

Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for Testing Years
1991–1992 Through 1996–1997 (TR 97-02)

by Andrea E. Thornton

Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for Testing Years
1997–1998 Through 1999–2000 (TR 00-04)

by Andrea E. Thornton and Lynda M. Reese

Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for Testing Years
2000–2001 Through 2002–2003 (TR 03-02)

by Andrea E. Thornton, Deborah A. Suto, and Lynda M. Reese

Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for Testing Years
2003–2004 and 2004–2005 (TR 05-01)

by Andrea E. Thornton, Deborah A. Suto, and Lynda M. Reese

Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for Testing Years
2005–2006 through 2007–2008 (TR 08-04)

by Josiah Evans, Andrea E. Thornton, and Lynda M. Reese

Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for Testing Years 
2008–2009 Through 2010–2011 (TR 11-03) 
by Josiah Evans, Andrea Thornton Sweeney, and Lynda M. Reese

Differential Prediction for Racial/Ethnic Subgroups

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Racial/Ethnic Subgroups
(TR 98-02)

by Lisa Anthony Stilwell, Lynda M. Reese, and Peter J. Pashley

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Racial/Ethnic Subgroups Based on the 1996-1998 Entering Law School Classes (TR 00-02)
by Lisa C. Anthony and Mei Liu

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Racial/Ethnic Subgroups Based on the 1999–2001 Entering Law School Classes (TR 03-03)
by Lisa Anthony Stilwell and Peter J. Pashley

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Racial/Ethnic Subgroups Based on 2002–2004 Entering Law School Classes (TR 06-01)
by Lynne L. Norton, Deborah A. Suto, and Lynda M. Reese

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Racial/Ethnic Subgroups Based on 2005–2007 Entering Law School Classes (TR 09-02) 
by Lynne L. Norton, Deborah A. Suto, and Lynda M. Reese

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Racial/Ethnic Subgroups Based on 2008–2010 Entering Law School Classes (TR 12-02)
by Deborah A. Suto, Lynne L. Norton, and Lynda M. Reese

Differential Prediction for Gender Subgroups

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Gender Subgroups
(TR 98-03)

by Vincent F. Harris, Louis A. Roussos, and Peter J. Pashley

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Gender Subgroups Based on the 1996–1998 Entering Law School Classes (TR 00-03)
by Jennifer R. Duffy and Louis A. Roussos

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Gender Subgroups Based on 1999–2001 Entering Law School Classes (TR 03-04)
by Jennifer R. Duffy and Peter J. Pashley

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Gender Subgroups Based on 2002–2004 Entering Law School Classes (TR 07-01)
by Deborah A. Suto, Lynne L. Norton, and Lynda M. Reese

Analysis of Differential Prediction of Law School Performance by Gender Subgroups Based on 2005–2007 Entering Law School Classes (TR 10-01)
by Deborah A. Suto, Lynne L. Norton, and Lynda M. Reese

LSAT Performance by Repeat Test Takers

The Performance of Repeat Test Takers On the Law School Admission Test: 1994–1995 Through 2000–2001 Testing Years (TR 01-03)
by Jennifer R. Duffy, Susan P. Dalessandro, Lisa Anthony Stilwell, and Kimberly A. Swygert

The Performance of Repeat Test Takers On the Law School Admission Test: 1997–1998 Through 2003–2004 Testing Years (TR 04-02)
by Andrea E. Thornton, Deborah A. Suto, Jennifer R. Duffy, and Lynda M. Reese

The Performance of Repeat Test Takers On the Law School Admission Test: 2000–2001 Through 2006–2007 Testing Years (TR 08-01)
by Andrea E. Thornton, Laura A. Marcus, Arlene Amodeo, and Lynda M. Reese

The Performance of Repeat Test Takers on the Law School Admission Test: 2003–2004 Through 2009–2010 Testing Years (TR 11-01)
by Laura A. Marcus, Andrea Thornton Sweeney, and Lynda M. Reese

Predictive Validity for Repeat Test Takers

The Validity of Law School Admission Test Scores for Repeaters: A Replication (TR 98-05)
by Susan P. Dalessandro and Lori D. McLeod

The Validity of Law School Admission Test Scores for Repeaters: 1997 Through 2000 Entering Law School Classes (TR 02-02)
by Lisa Anthony Stilwell, Andrea E. Thornton, and Peter J. Pashley

The Validity of Law School Admission Test Scores for Repeaters: 2001 Through 2004 Entering Law School Classes (TR 06-02)
by Andrea E. Thornton, Lisa Anthony Stilwell, and Lynda M. Reese

The Validity of Law School Admission Test Scores for Repeat Test Takers: 2005 Through 2008 Entering Law School Classes (TR 10-02)
by Andrea Thornton Sweeney, Laura A. Marcus, and Lynda M. Reese

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 2009 and 2010 LSAT Correlation Studies (TR 11-02)
by Lisa Anthony Stilwell, Susan P. Dalessandro, and Lynda M. Reese

Item-Type Validity

LSAT Item-Type Validity Study (TR 98-01) 
by Louis A. Roussos and Lynne L. Norton

Predictive Validity for Test Takers with Disabilities

Predictive Validity of Accommodated LSAT Scores (TR 01-01)
by Andrea E. Thornton, Lynda M. Reese, Peter J. Pashley, and Susan P. Dalessandro

Predictive Validity of Accommodated LSAT Scores for the 2002–2006 Entering Law School Classes (TR 09-01) 
by Arlene Amodeo, Laura A. Marcus, Andrea E. Thornton, and Peter J. Pashley

LSAT Performance by Test Takers with Disabilities

Accommodated Test Taker Trends and Performance for the June 1993 through February 1998 LSAT Administrations (TR 01-04)
by Andrea E. Thornton, Susan P. Dalessandro, and Lynda M. Reese

Accommodated Test-Taker Trends and Performance for the June 2002 through February 2007 LSAT Administrations (TR 08-02) 
by Andrea E. Thornton, Laura A. Marcus, and Lynda M. Reese

Accommodated Test-Taker Trends and Performance for the June 2007 Through February 2012 LSAT Administrations (TR 12-01) 
by Laura A. Lauth, Andrea Thornton Sweeney, and Lynda M. Reese

Psychometric Research Report Archives

Adaptive Testing With Equated Number-Correct Scoring (CT 99-12)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Admissions Policy Research Project: 2002–2003
by the Faculty of Law, University of Alberta

Alternative Approaches to Updating Item Parameter Estimates in Tests With Item Cloning (CT 03-01)
by Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

An Analysis of Differential Validity and Differential Prediction for Black, Mexican American, Hispanic, and White Law School Students (RR 90-03)
by Linda F. Wightman and David G. Muller

Anchor-Based Methods for Judgmentally Estimating Item Difficulty Parameters (CT 98-05)
by Ronald K. Hambleton, Stephen G. Sireci, H. Swaminathan, Dehui Xing, and Saba Rizavi, University of Massachusetts at Amherst

Application of Heuristic-Based Semantic Similarity Between Single-Topic Texts for the LSAT (RR 12-05)
by Dmitry I. Belov and David A. Kary

Application of Robust Optimization to Automated Test Assembly (RR 12-02)
by Bernard P. Veldkamp, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Application of the M-Index for the LSAT (RR 10-01)
by Dmitry I. Belov, Law School Admission Council; and Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers University

An Application of the VM-Index for the LSAT (RR 10-02)
by Dmitry I. Belov

Applications of Uniform Test Assembly for the LSAT (RR 05-01)
by Dmitry I. Belov

Are Other Things Essentially Equal? An Empirical Investigation of the Consequences of Including Race as a Factor in Law School Admission
by Linda F. Wightman, Southwestern University Law Review, Volume 28, Number 1, 1998

Assessing Subgroup Differences in Item Response Times (CT 97-03)
by Deborah L. Schnipke and Peter J. Pashley

Assessing the Dimensionality of Simulated LSAT Item Response Matrices with Small Sample Sizes and Short Test Lengths (CT 96-01)
by André F. De Champlain

Assessing the Effect of Multidimensionality on LSAT Equating for Subgroups of Test Takers (SR 95-01)
by Andre F. De Champlain

Assessing the Impact of Topic Interest on Comprehension Processes (RR 11-02)
by Joseph P. Magliano, Amanda M. Durik, and Janet K. Holt, Northern Illinois University

Automatic Prediction of Item Difficulty Based on Semantic Similarity Measures (RR 08-04)
by Dmitry I. Belov and Lily Knezevich

Balanced Item Pool Assembly in Computerized Adaptive Testing (RR 07-04)
by Dmitry I. Belov

A Bayesian Approach to Item Calibration and Evaluation of Parameter Drift (CT 00-02)
by Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Bayesian Estimation Methods for Multidimensional Models for Discrete and Continuous Responses (RR 06-05)
by Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Bayesian Estimation Methods for Multidimensional Models for Discrete and Continuous Responses with a Structure on the Item and Person Parameters (RR 07-03)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Oksana Korobko, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

A Bayesian Method for the Detection of Item Preknowledge in CAT (CT 98-07)
by Lori D. McLeod, Law School Admission Council; Charles Lewis, Educational Testing Service; and David Thissen, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Beyond FYA: Analysis of the Utility of LSAT Scores and UGPA for Predicting Academic Success in Law School (RR 99-05)
by Linda F. Wightman, University of North Carolina at Greensboro

A Bivariate Lognormal Response-Time Model for the Detection of Collusion Between Test Takers (RR 08-06)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Capitalization on Item Calibration Error in Computer Adaptive Testing (CT 98-04)
by Wim J. van der Linden and Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

CATSIB: A Modified SIBTEST Procedure to Detect Differential Item Functioning in Computerized Adaptive Tests (CT 97-11)
by Ratna Nandakumar, University of Delaware; and Louis Roussos, Law School Admission Council

A Classical Test Theory Perspective on LSAT Local Item Dependence (SR 96-01)
by Lynda M. Reese

Comparability of Test-Taker Proficiency Scores on Computer Adaptive Tests Using Real and Simulated Data (RR 11-04)
by Josiah Evans, Law School Admission Council; Jimmy de la Torre, Rutgers University; and Peter J. Pashley, Law School Admission Council

A Comparison of Item-Selection Methods for Adaptive Tests With Content Constraints (CT 04-02)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Comparison of LSAT Performance Among Selected Subgroups (SR 90-01)
by Linda F. Wightman and David G. Miller

A Comparison of Mantel-Haenszel Differential Item Functioning Parameters (RR 98-03)
by Deborah L. Schnipke, Louis A. Roussos, and Peter J. Pashley

A Comparison Testlet-Based Test Designs for Computerized Adaptive Testing (CT 97-01)
by Deborah L. Schnipke and Lynda M. Reese

A Compendium of LSAT and LSAC-Sponsored Item Types 1948–1994 (RR 94-01)
by Lynda M. Reese and Ruth Anne Cotter

Computer Usage and Access Patterns of Actual and Potential LSAT Takers (CT 97-10)
by Susan M. Jenkins, Law School Admission Council; and Samantha D. Holmes, University of Michigan

Computer Use and Preferences Among LSAT Takers (CT 05-01)
by Ann Gallagher, Andrea E. Thornton, Deborah A. Suto, and Christopher W. T. Chiu

Computerized Adaptive Testing Simulations Using Real Test Taker Responses (CT 96-06)
by Xiang Bo Wang, WeiQin Pan, and Vincent Harris

Computerized Adaptive Testing with Item Cloning (CT 01-03)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Computerized Adaptive Testing with Multiple Form Structures (CT 99-14)
by Ronald D. Armstrong and Douglas H. Jones, Faculty of Management, Rutgers University; Nicole B. Koppel, School of Business, Montclair State University; and Peter J. Pashley, Testing and Research, Law School Admission Council

Conceptual Issues in Response-Time Modeling (RR 08-01)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Constraining Item Exposure in Computerized Adaptive Testing with Shadow Tests (CT 02-03)
by Wim J. van der Linden and Bernard P. Veldkamp, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Crafting an Incoming Law School Class: Preliminary Results (RR 99-01)
by Peter J. Pashley and Andrea E. Thornton

Cross Validating Item Parameter Estimation in Adaptive Testing (CT 00-04)
by Wim J. van der Linden and Cees A. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

CUSUM Statistics for Large Item Banks: Computation of Standard Errors (CT 98-11)
by C.A.W. Glas, University of Twente

Detecting Items That Have Been Memorized (CT 99-05)
by Lori McLeod and Deborah L. Schnipke

Detection of Advance Item Knowledge Using Response Times in Computer Adaptive Testing
(CT 03-03)

by Rob R. Meijer and Leonardo S. Sotaridona, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Detection of Answer Copying via Kullback–Leibler Divergence and K-Index (RR 09-01)
by Dmitry I. Belov, Law School Admission Council; and Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers University

Detection of Large-Scale Item Preknowledge in Computerized Adaptive Testing via Kullback–Leibler Divergence (RR 12-01)
by Dmitry I. Belov

Detection of Person Misfit in Computerized Adaptive Testing with Polytomous Items (CT 00-03)
by Rob R. Meijer and Edith M. L. A. van Krimpen-Stoop, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Development and Testing of an Innovative Listening Comprehension (LC) Item Type Interface (CT 01-05)
by Kimberly Swygert and Michael Contreras

Discrepant LSAT Subscores (RR 93-01)
by Lawrence J. Stricker

Distributions of Kullback–Leibler Divergence and Its Application for the LSAT (RR 09-02)
by Dmitry I. Belov, Law School Admission Council; and Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers University

The Effect of COMC on the Stability of LSAT Item Parameter Estimates (SR 93-01)
by Lynda Reese and Robert McKinley

The Effects of Dimensionality on True Score Conversion Tables for the Law School Admission Test (SR 92-01)
by Gregory Camilli, Ming-mei Wang, and Jacqueline Fesq

Effects of Multidimensionality on IRT Item Characteristics and True Score Estimates: Implications for Computerized Test Assembly (CT 97-06)
by Xiang-Bo Wang, Vincent Harris, and Louis Roussos

An Empirical Bayes Enhancement of Mantel-Haenszel DIF Analysis for Computer-Adaptive Tests (CT 98-15)
by Rebecca Zwick, University of California, Santa Barbara; and Dorothy T. Thayer, Educational
Testing Service

Equating an Adaptive Test to a Linear Test (CT 04-01)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Estimating and Testing the Extended Testlet Model (RR 12-03)
by Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Estimation of Item Dimensional Measurement Direction Using Conditional Covariance Patterns (CT 98-02)
by Daniel Bolt, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Louis Roussos, Law School Admission Council; and William Stout, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Evaluating Equating Error in Observed-Score Equating (CT 04-03)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

An Evaluation of a Two-Stage Testlet Design For Computerized Testing (CT 96-04)
by Lynda M. Reese and Deborah L. Schnipke

An Evaluation of the Impact of Cloning on Item Parameters (CT 99-08)
by Kimberly A. Swygert, David J. Scrams, Louis E. Thompson, and Deborah E. Kerman

An Expected Response Function Approach to Graphical Differential Item Functioning (CT 99-01)
by David J. Scrams and Lori D. McLeod

Exploring Issues of Test Taker Behavior: Insights Gained from Response-Time Analyses (CT 98-09)
by Deborah L. Schnikpe and David J. Scrams

Exploring New Methods to Detect Person Misfit in CAT (CT 99-13)
by Rob R. Meijer and Edith M. L. A. van Krimpen-Stoop, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Factors in Performance on the Law School Admission Test (SR 93-04)
by Kenneth M. Wilson and Donald E. Powers

Final Report: LSAC Skills Analysis Law School Task Survey (CT 02-02)
by Stephen W. Luebke, Kimberly A. Swygert, Lori D. McLeod, Susan P. Dalessandro, and Louis A. Roussos

Fit to Testlet Models and Differential Testlet Functioning (RR 12-07)
by Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Fixed-Weight Methods of Scoring Computer-Based Adaptive Tests (CT 97-12)
by Bert F. Green, Johns Hopkins University

A Formal Characterization of and Some Alternatives to Sympson-Hetter Item-Exposure Control in Computerized Adaptive Testing (CT 02-05)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Formal Usability Testing of the Computerized LSAT Prototypes at the 1999 Law School Recruitment Forums (CT 01-01)
by Kimberly A. Swygert, Jennifer A. Lawlor, and Kira Shteinberg

Formulation of DETECT’s Conditional Covariance Parameter and Evaluation of Estimator Bias (SR 97-02)
by Louis Roussos, Lynda Reese, and Vincent Harris

A Formulation of the Mantel-Haenszel Differential Item Functioning Parameter With Practical Implications (SR 96-03)
by Louis A. Roussos, Deborah L. Schnipke, and Peter J. Pashley

A Hierarchical Framework for Modeling Speed and Accuracy on Test Items (RR 05-02)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Identifying Critical Testlet Features Using Tree-Based Regression: An Illustration With the Analytical Reasoning Section of the LSAT (RR 12-04)
by Muirne C. S. Paap, Qiwei He, and Bernard P. Veldkamp, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

The Impact of Item Location Effects on Ability Estimation in CAT: A Simulation Study (CT 01-06)
by Mei Liu, Law School Admission Council; and Renbang Zhu and Fanmin Guo, Educational Testing Service

The Impact of Item Parameter Estimation on Computerized Adaptive Testing with Item Cloning (CT 02-06) 
by Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Impact of Local Item Dependence on Item Response Theory Scoring in CAT (CT 98-08)
by Lynda M. Reese

The Impact of Local Dependencies on Some LSAT Outcomes (SR 95-02)
by Lynda M. Reese

Impact of Local Item Dependence on True-Score Equating (RR 97-01)
by Lynda M. Reese and Peter J. Pashley

Implementing Content Constraints in Alpha-Stratified Adaptive Testing Using a Shadow Test Approach (CT 01-09)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; and Hua-Hua Chang, National Board of Medical Examiners

Incorporating Content Constraints into a Multi-Stage Adaptive Testlet Design (CT 97-02)
by Lynda M. Reese, Deborah L. Schnipke, and Stephen W. Luebke

The Influence of Speededness on Item-Parameter Estimation (CT 96-07)
by Deborah L. Schnipke

Information-Based Versus Number-Correct Routing in Multistage Classification Tests (RR 07-05)
by Alexander Weissman and Dmitry I. Belov, Law School Admission Council; and Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers University

An Integer-programming Approach to Item Pool Design (CT 98-14)
by Wim J. van der Linden and Bernard P. Veldkamp, University of Twente; and Lynda M. Reese, Law School Admission Council

Investigating the Quality of Items in CAT Using Nonparametric IRT (CT 04-05)
by Rob R. Meijer, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Item Parameter Calibration of LSAT Items Using MCMC Approximation of Bayes Posterior Distributions (CT 00-05)
by Douglas H. Jones and Mikhail Nediak, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Management Science and Information Systems

Item Response Theory Parameter Estimation with Response Times as Collateral Information (RR 06-04)
by Wim J. van der Linden, Rinke H. Klein Entink, and Jean-Paul Fox, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Item Theft in a Continuous-Testing Environment: What is the Extent of the Danger? (CT 98-01)
by Deborah L. Schnipke, Law School Admission Council; and David J. Scrams, Educational Testing Service

Likelihood-based Estimation Methods for Models for Concurrent Continuous and Discrete Responses (RR 05-04)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Kernel-Smoothed DIF Detection Procedure for Computerized Adaptive Tests (CT 00-08)
by Ratna Nandakumar and Julie Cwikla Banks, University of Delaware; and Louis Roussos, Law School Admission Council

Likelihood-Based Estimation Methods for Models for Concurrent Continuous and Discrete Responses With a Structure for the Item and Person Parameters (RR 06-03)
by Wim J. van der Linden and Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Likelihood-based Statistics for Continuous and Discrete Responses With a Structure for the Item and Person Parameters (RR 06-06)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Likelihood-based Statistics for Validating Continuous Response Models (RR 05-03)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Oksana Korobko, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Linking Response-Time Parameters Onto a Common Scale (RR 08-02)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

LSAT Dimensionality Analysis for the December 1991, June 1992, and October 1992 Administrations (SR 95-05)
by Jeff Douglass and Hae-Rim Kim, University of Illinois at Urbana-Campaign; Louis Roussos, Law School Admission Council; William Stout and Jinming Zhang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

LSAT Listening Assessment: Theoretical Background and Specifications (RR 03-02)
by Kenneth Olson

Making Use of Response Times in Standardized Tests: Are Accuracy and Speed Measuring the Same Thing? (CT 97-04)
by David J. Scrams, Johns Hopkins University; and Deborah L. Schnipke, Law School Admission Council

A Method to Determine Targets for Multi-Stage Adaptive Tests (CT 02-07)
by Ronald Armstrong, Rutgers University; and Louis Roussos, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

A Method for Determining the Maximum Number of Nonoverlapping Linear Test Forms That Can Be Assembled From an Item Pool (CT 03-04)
by Ronald Armstrong, Rutgers Business School, Newark/New Brunswick, Rutgers University; and Dmitry Belov, Law School Admission Council

A Model for Optimal Constrained Adaptive Testing (CT 97-07)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente; and Lynda M. Reese, Law School Admission Council

Modeling Item Response Times With a Two-State Mixture Model: A New Approach to Measuring Speededness (CT 96-02)
by Deborah L. Schnipke and David J. Scrams

Modeling Nonignorable Missing Data Processes in Item Calibration (CT 04-07)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Jonald L. Pimentel, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Modeling Variability in Item Parameters in Educational Measurement (CT 01-07)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Modifying Existing Dimensionality Assessment Tools for Use in a CAT Environment (CT 99-10)
by Amy Goodwin Froelich, William Stout, and Terry Ackerman, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Normal Models for Response Times on Test Items (CT 04-08)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

On Giving Test Takers a Choice Among Constructive Response Items (CT 96-03)
by Xiang Bo Wang

On Testing for Assumption Recognition (SR 97-01)
by Gilbert E. Plumer

On the Use of Collateral Item Response Information to Improve Pretest Item Calibration (CT 98-13)
by William Stout, Terry Ackerman, Dan Bolt, Amy Goodwin Froelich, and Dan Heck, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Optimal Assembly of Tests with Item Sets (CT 99-04)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Optimizing Information Using the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm in Item Response Theory (RR 11-01)
by Alexander Weissman

Outlier Detection in High-Stakes College Entrance Testing (CT 01-08)
by Rob R. Meijer, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

An Overview of Nonlinear Factor Analysis and Its Relationship to Item Response Theory (SR 95-03)
by André F. De Champlain

A Polynomial Logistic Regression Approach to Graphical Differential Item Functioning (CT 99-06)
by Lori D. McLeod, David J. Scrams, and Louis A. Roussos

Predictability of Cloned Item Parameters (CT 99-09)
by Kimberly A. Swygert, David J. Scrams, Deborah E. Kerman, and Louis E. Thompson

Predictive Control of Speededness in Adaptive Testing (RR 07-02)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 1990–1992 Correlation Studies (RR 93-05)
by Linda F. Wightman

Program of Research on Legal Writing: Phase II: Research on a Writing Exercise (RR 96-01)
by Hunter M. Breland, Sydell T. Carlton, and Susan Taylor

Quality Control of Online Calibration in Computerized Assessment (CT 97-15)
by C. A. W. Glas, Department of Educational Measurement and Data Analysis, Faculty of Educational Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

The Relationship of Item-level Response Times With Test-Taker and Item Variables in an Operational CAT Environment (CT 98-10)
by Kimberly A. Swygert

A Report on the Inclusion of Diverse Speakers on the LSAT Listening Comprehension Assessment: A Survey of the Literature with Recommendations (RR 04-02)
by Stephanie M. Strassel, University of Pennsylvania

Representing Response-Time Information in Item Banks (CT 97-09)
by Deborah L. Schnipke and David J. Scrams

A Review of the LSAT Using Literature on Legal Reasoning (CT 97-08)
by Gilbert E. Plumer

The Road to Law School and Beyond: Examining Challenges to Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Legal Profession (RR 02-01)
by Gita Z. Wilder

Robustness of Person-Fit Decisions in Computerized Adaptive Testing (CT 04-06)
by Rob R. Meijer, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Routing Rules for Multiple-Form Structures (CT 02-08)
by Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers Business School, Rutgers University

Self-reported Methods of Test Preparation Used by LSAT Takers: A Summary of Responses from June and September 1989 Test Takers (RR 90-01)
by Linda F. Wightman

Sequencing an Adaptive Test Battery (RR 08-05)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Simple Nonparametric Checks for Model Data Fit in CAT (CT 01-04)
by Rob R. Meijer, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

A Simulation Study of Optimal Online Calibration of Testlets Using Real Data (CT 00-07)
by Douglas H. Jones and Mikhail S. Nediak, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Simultaneous Assembly of Multiple Test Forms (CT 97-13)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; and Jos J. Adema, PTT Telecom

Small Sample Estimation in Dichotomous Item Response Models: Effect of Priors Based on Judgmental Information on the Accuracy of Item Parameter Estimates (CT 98-06)
by Hariharan Swaninathan, Ronald K. Hambleton, Stephen G. Sireci, Dehui Xing, and Saba M. Rizavi, University of Massachusetts Amherst

Some New Methods to Detect Person Fit in CAT (CT 99-03)
by Rob Meijer and Edith M. L. A. van Krimpen-Stoop, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Statistical Adjustments of Law School Grade Point Averages (SR 93-02)
by John W. Young

Statistical Algorithms for Detection of Test Collusion (RR 11-03)
by Dmitry I. Belov

Statistical Tests for Conditional Independence in a Hierarchical Model for Speed and Accuracy on Test Items (RR 06-02)
by Wim J. van der Linden and Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

A Stochastic Search for Test Assembly, Item Pool Analysis, and Design (RR 04-01)
by Dmitry Belov, Law School Admission Council; and Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

A Study of Structural Modeling Using Plausible Value Imputation (RR 08-03)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Hanneke Geerlings, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Structural Modeling Using Two-Step MML Procedures (RR 08-07)
by Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for 1990–1991 Testing Year (RR 93-02)
by Robert McKinley

Survey Results From Demonstration of the Preliminary Computerized LSAT Prototypes at the 1995–1998 Law School Recruitment Forums (CT 00-01)
by Kimberly A. Swygert and Andrea E. Thornton

Survey Results From the Computerized LSAT Prototype Testing at the 1999 Law School Recruitment Forums (CT 00-06)
by Kimberly A. Swygert, Jennifer A. Lawlor, and Kira Velikopolsky

Survey and Usability Testing Results of the Analytical Reasoning Computerized Prototype at the 2000 Law School Recruitment Forums (CT 02-01)
by Kimberly A. Swygert, Susan P. Dalessandro, and Mike Contreras

Test Design and Speededness (RR 07-01)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Testing for Structure Recognition (RR 98-02)
by Gilbert E. Plumer

Testlet-Based Adaptive Mastery Testing (CT 99-11)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Hans J. Vos, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Theoretical Formula for Statistical Bias in CATSIB DIF Estimates Due to Discretization of the Ability Scale (CT 99-07)
by Louis A. Roussos, Law School Admission Council; and Ratna Nandakumar and Julie Cwikla Banks, University of Delaware

Understanding Psychological Processes that Underlie Test Takers’ Choices of Constructed Response Items (CT 97-05)
by Xiang Bo Wang

Unraveling the Relationship Between Testlet Features and Item Parameters: An Empirical Example (RR 12-06)
by Muirne C. S. Paap and Bernard P. Veldkamp, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

The Use of Person-Fit Statistics in Computerized Adaptive Testing (CT 97-14)
by Rob R. Meijer and Edith M.L.A. van Krimpen-Stoop, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

The Use of Statistical Process Control-Charts for Person-Fit Analysis in Computerized Adaptive Testing (CT 98-12)
by Rob R. Meijer and Edith M. L. A. van Krimpen-Stoop, University of Twente

Using Patterns of Summed Scores in Paper-and-Pencil Tests and CAT to Detect Misfitting Item Score Patterns (CT 02-04)
by Rob R. Meijer, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Using Response-Time Constraints in Item Selection to Control for Differential Speededness in Computerized Adaptive Testing (CT 98-03)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; and David J. Scrams and Deborah L. Schnipke, Virtual Psychometrics

Using Response Times for Item Selection in Computerized Adaptive Testing (RR 06-01)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Using Response Times to Detect Aberrant Responses in Computerized Adaptive Testing (CT 01-02)
by Wim J. van der Linden and Edith M. L. A. van Krimpen-Stoop, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

The Validity of Law School Admission Test Scores For Repeaters: A Replication (RR 90-02)
by Linda F. Wightman

Violations of Ignorability in Computerized Adaptive Testing (CT 04-04)
by Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Social Science Research Report Archives

Clustering U.S. Law Schools Using Variables That Describe Size, Cost, Selectivity, and Student Body Characteristics
by Linda F. Wightman

Developing an Assessment of First-Year Law Students’ Critical Case Reading and Reasoning Ability: Phase 2 (GR 08-02)
by Dorothy H. Evensen, Penn State University; James F. Stratman, University of Colorado at Denver; Laurel C. Oates, Seattle University School of Law; and Sarah Zappe, Penn State University

Employment Patterns of Law School Graduates (GR 00-01)
by Joe G. Baker, Associate Professor of Economics, Southern Utah University

Fear of Falling: The Effects of U.S. News & World Report Rankings on U.S. Law Schools (GR 07-02)
by Michael Sauder, University of Iowa; and Wendy Espeland, Northwestern University

Gender and the Legal Profession: The Michigan Alumni Data Set 1967–2000 (GR 08-01)
by Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor; Marc S. Galanter, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Kaushik Mukhopadhaya, Indiana University–Bloomington; and Kathleen E. Hull, University of Minnesota

Group Learning Contexts and Processes Within Law Schools (GR 04-01)
by Dorothy H. Evensen, Penn State University

History and Performance of Chinese Law School Admission Test Takers
by Xiang Bo Wang and Vincent F. Harris

Juggling It All: Exploring Lawyers’ Work, Home, and Family Demands and Coping Strategies—Report of Stage One Findings (GR 00-02)
by Jean E. Wallace, Department of Sociology, The University of Calgary

Juggling It All: A Study of Lawyers’ Work, Home, and Family Demands and Coping Strategies—Report of Stage Two Findings (GR 01-01)
by Jean E. Wallace, Department of Sociology, The University of Calgary

Law School Admissions, 1985 to 1995: Assessing the Effect of Application Volume (GR 97-01)
by Charles Longley

Legal Education at the Close of the Twentieth Century: Descriptions and Analyses of Students, Financing, and Professional Expectations and Attitudes
by Linda F. Wightman

LSAC National Longitudinal Bar Passage Study
by Linda F. Wightman, with a historical introduction by Henry Ramsey, Jr.

The Masculine Mystique: Living Large from Law School to Later Life (GR 07-01)
by John Hagan, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Fiona Kay, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada

Speed as a Variable on the LSAT and Law School Exams (GR 03-01)
by William D. Henderson, Indiana University School of Law—Bloomington

The Threat to Diversity in Legal Education: An Empirical Analysis of the Consequences of Abandoning Race as a Factor in Law School Admission Decisions
by Linda F. Wightman, New York University Law Review, Volume 72, Number 1, April 1997

Using the Internet to Survey College Students About Their Law School Plans (GR 01-02)
by Stephen S. Meinhold, PhD, Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington; and Dennis W. Gleiber, PhD, Department of Political Science, University of New Orleans

Who Gets the App? Explaining Law School Application Volume, 1993 to 1996 (GR 97-02)
by Charles Longley

Women in Legal Education: A Comparison of the Law School Performance and Law School Experiences of Women and Men
by Linda F. Wightman

 

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